本文是作者在使用ffmpeg sdk开发过程中的实际经验,现在与大家分享,欢迎学习交流。
1.简介:

FFmpeg是一套可以用来记录、转换数字音频、视频,并能将其转化为流的开源计算机程序。采用LGPL或GPL许可证。它提供了录制、转换以及流化音视频的完整解决方案。

使用ffmpeg能够完成如下功能:parse,demux,decode,filter(preprocessing),encode,mux,stream和player等.
2.下载和编译:

下载地址:  <http://ffmpeg.org/download.html>
编译:
   1)windows平台static library/shared library, 编译工具:mingw-gcc或者在linux平台下交叉编译(推荐)
   2)linux平台static library/shared library, 编译工具:gcc
模块:

    libavcodec    - 编码解码器
    libavdevice   - 输入输出设备的支持
    libavfilter   - 视音频滤镜支持
    libavformat   - 视音频等格式的解析
    libavutil     - 工具库
    libpostproc   - 后期效果处理
    libswscale    - 图像颜色、尺寸转换

3.SDK介绍和开发(基于ffmpeg 0.8 sdk)

ffmpeg每部分功能都采用plugin的方式,使用统一的接口调用,这样就能够非常方便的使用和扩展。
plugin分为几种:`muxer,demuxer,protocol,hwaccel,encoder,decoder,parser,bitstream,filter`,...
因此在使用SDK的时候第一步就是注册plugin

avcodec_register_all()  : 注册 hwaccel,encoder,decoder,parser,bitstream
av_register_all()       : 注册 muxer,demuxer,protocol
avfilter_register_all() : 注册 滤镜filter

下面根据不同的应用场景,给出主要的代码示例(仅是代码片断,不一定能编译通过):
1)如何获取媒体文件的信息(Parser):

{
    av_register_all();
    AVFormatContext * pFormatCtx = NULL;
    int err = 0;
    const char *fileName = "c:\\test.mp4";
    err = av_open_input_file(&pFormatCtx, fileName, NULL, 0, NULL);
    if(err != 0)
    {
        // break ;
    }
    err = av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx);
    if(err < 0)
    {
        // break ;
    }
    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i ++)
    {
        // stream 结构数据
        AVStream *pStream = pFormatCtx->streams[i];
        // 帧率信息
        AVRational frameRate = pStream->r_frame_rate;
        // 时间单位比率
        AVRational timeBase = pStream->time_base;
        // stream duration
        int64_t duration = pStream->duration;
        
        // 获取Codec数据结构
        AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = pStream->codec;
        AVMediaType codecType = pCodecCtx->codec_type;
       
        CodecID codecId = pCodecCtx->codec_id;
       
        
        if(codecType == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
        {
            // 获取Video基本信息
            int width = pCodecCtx->width;
            int height = pCodecCtx->height;
            PixelFormat pixelFormat = pCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
        }
        else if(codecType == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
        {
            // 获取Audio基本信息
            int channels = pCodecCtx->channels;
            int sample_rate = pCodecCtx->sample_rate;
            AVSampleFormat sampleFmt = pCodecCtx->sample_fmt;
        }
    }
    // 释放
    if(pFormatCtx != NULL)
    {
        av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);
        pFormatCtx = NULL;
    }    
}

2)读取sample数据(Read raw sample不解码)

{
    // 参考Parser代码
    // av_register_all();
    // AVFormatContext * pFormatCtx = NULL;
    // err = av_open_input_file(&pFormatCtx, fileName, NULL, 0, NULL);

    AVPacket packet;
    av_init_packet(&packet);
    int ret = av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet);
    if(ret >= 0)
    {
        int streamIndex = packet.stream_index;
        AVStream *pStream = pFormatCtx->streams[streamIndex];
        AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = pStream->codec;
        // 计算timestamp

        // 转换时间到1/1000000秒
        AVRational time_base;
        time_base.num = 1;
        time_base.den = 1000000;
        
        // 25.0     1/25,   29.97    1001/30000
        
        // 获取 dts/pts
        const int64_t dts = av_rescale_q(packet.dts, pStream->time_base, time_base);
        const int64_t pts = av_rescale_q(packet.pts, pStream->time_base, time_base);
        uint8_t *data = packet.data;
        int size = packet.size;
        bool isKey = ((packet.flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) == AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY);    
    }
    av_free_packet(&packet);        
}

3)解码sample(Video ES=>YUV/RGB, Audio ES=>PCM)

{
    // 参考Parser,Read raw sample代码
    
    // AVMediaType codecType = pCodecCtx->codec_type;
    AVMediaType codecType = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    // CodecId codecId = pCodecCtx->codec_id;
    CodecId codecId = CODEC_ID_H264;
    
    // 通过Codec ID查找解码器
    AVCodec *pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(codecId);
    // 分配codec关联结构
    AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context();
    // 设置一些必要的信息
    pCodecCtx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO / AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
    pCodecCtx->codec_id   = codecId;
    if(pCodec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
        pCodecCtx->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED;
    // 在open codec时要加锁,否则多个codec同时打开时时会出现错误
    gMutexFFmpeg.lock();        
    // 打开Codec
    avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec);        
    gMutexFFmpeg.unlock();
    
    if(codecType == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
    {
        AVFrame *pSrcFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
        AVFrame *pDstFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
        
        // 因为内存的原因,所以需要多分配一些数据, FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE
        uint8_t *data = ...;
        int size = ...;

        while(size > 0))
        {
            AVPacket pkt;
            av_init_packet(&pkt);
            pkt.data  = data;
            pkt.size  = size;
            int frameFinished = 0;
            int bytesDecoded = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pSrcFrame, &frameFinished, &pkt);
            if(bytesDecoded > 0)
            {
                data += bytesDecoded;
                size -= bytesDecoded;
            }
            if(frameFinished)
            {
                int numBytes = avpicture_get_size(pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
                uint8_t *pBuffer = new uint8_t[numBytes];
                avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pDstFrame, pBuffer, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
                av_picture_copy((AVPicture *)pDstFrame, (AVPicture *)pSrcFrame, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
                
                // pBuffer/numBytes/pCodecCtx->pix_fmt : YUV/RGB数据
                delete []pBuffer;                    
            }
            
            if(bytesDecoded < 0)
                break ;
        }
        av_free(pSrcFrame);
        av_free(pDstFrame);
    }
    else if(codecType == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
    {
        // 分配解码内存空间
        uint8_t *pBuffer = new uint8_t[AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE];

        // 因为内存的原因,所以需要多分配一些数据, FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE
        uint8_t *data = ...;
        int size = ...;

        while(size > 0)
        {
            AVPacket pkt;
            av_init_packet(&pkt);
            pkt.data  = data;
            pkt.size  = size;
            
            int outSize = AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE;
            int bytesDecoded = avcodec_decode_audio3(pCodecCtx, (int16_t *)pBuffer, &outSize, &pkt);
            if(bytesDecoded > 0)
            {
                data += bytesDecoded;
                size -= bytesDecoded;
            }
            if((bytesDecoded >= 0) && (outSize > 0))
            {
                // pBuffer/outSize : PCM数据
                // 格式
                // pCodecCtx->channels;
                // pCodecCtx->sample_fmt;
                // pCodecCtx->sample_rate;
            }                
        }            
    }
    
    gMutexFFmpeg.lock();        
    // 关闭和释放
    avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
    gMutexFFmpeg.unlock();
    av_free(pCodecCtx);
}

4)视音频编码(YUV/RGB=>Video ES, PCM=>Audio ES)

{
    // video encode
    avcodec_register_all();
    // 查找编码器
    AVCodec *avCodec = avcodec_find_encoder((CodecID)mConfig.codec);
    AVCodecContext *codecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context();
    codecCtx->codec_type    = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    codecCtx->codec_id      = (CodecID)mConfig.codec;
    codecCtx->width         = mOutFormat.width;
    codecCtx->height        = mOutFormat.height;
    codecCtx->pix_fmt       = (PixelFormat)mOutFormat.pixelFormat;
    uint32 num = 0;
    uint32 den = 0;
    SampleUtil::FPS2Timescale(mOutFormat.frameRate, num, den);
    codecCtx->time_base.num = num;
    codecCtx->time_base.den = den;        
    codecCtx->bit_rate      = mConfig.bitRate*1000;
    codecCtx->max_b_frames  = 0;
    codecCtx->gop_size      = 100;
    if(codecCtx->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO)
    {
        codecCtx->mb_decision = FF_MB_DECISION_RD;
    }
    else
    {
        codecCtx->mb_decision = FF_MB_DECISION_RD;
    }
    
    avcodec_open(codecCtx, avCodec);
    // 分配编码后的内存,分配为1MB
    mOutputBuffer.resize(1*1024*1024);
    
    AVFrame *pSrcFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
    
    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(pSrcFrame);
    int ret = avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pSrcFrame, (uint8_t *)inData.data, (PixelFormat)mOutFormat.pixelFormat, mOutFormat.width, mOutFormat.height);
    AVRational time_base;
    time_base.num = 1;
    time_base.den = 1000000;
    pSrcFrame->pts = av_rescale_q(inData.dts, time_base, codecCtx->time_base);
    
    int bytesWritten = avcodec_encode_video(codecCtx, (uint8 *)mOutputBuffer.data(), mOutputBuffer.size(),
        isEmpty ? NULL : pSrcFrame);
    outData.data  = (char *)mOutputBuffer.data();
    outData.size  = bytesWritten;
    outData.isKey = (mCodecCtx->coded_frame->key_frame != 0);


    av_free(pSrcFrame);
    avcodec_close(codecCtx);
    av_free(codecCtx);
    
    
    // audio encode请看audioencoder.cpp 文件        
}

5)图像格式转换(YUV/RGB <=> YUV/RGB & Resize)

{
    SwsContext *pSwsCtx = NULL;
    // resize 算法
    int swsFlags  = SWS_LANCZOS; // SWS_FAST_BILINEAR;
    // 初始化
    pSwsCtx = sws_getCachedContext(NULL, srcWidth, srcHeight, srcFmt,
        dstWidth, dstHeight, dstFmt, swsFlags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    
    // 设置数据到结构 AVPicture
    AVPicture avSrcPic;
    AVPicture avDstPic;
    memset(&avSrcPic, 0, sizeof(avSrcPic));
    memset(&avDstPic, 0, sizeof(avDstPic));
    int dstRet = avpicture_fill(&avDstPic, (uint8_t *)pDstBuffer, dstFmt, dstWidth, dstHeight);
  
  {
    // pSrcBuffer - 源数据
    // pDstBuffer - 目标数据
    int srcRet = avpicture_fill(&avSrcPic, (uint8_t *)pSrcBuffer, srcFmt, srcWidth, srcHeight);
    // 执行转换
    sws_scale(pSwsCtx, avSrcPic.data, avSrcPic.linesize, 0, abs(srcHeight), avDstPic.data, avDstPic.linesize);
   }
   
    // 释放
    sws_freeContext(pSwsCtx);
}

6)封装格式(Muxer, .mp4/.avi/.mkv...)

{
    av_register_all();
    AVFormatContext * pFormatCtx;
    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&pFormatCtx, NULL, "mp4", "c:\\out.mp4");
    
    {
        // new video stream
        AVStream * avStream = av_new_stream(pFormatCtx, pFormatCtx->nb_streams;
        avcodec_get_context_defaults3(avStream->codec, NULL);
        AVCodecContext *codecCtx = avStream->codec;
        codecCtx->codec_id       = (CodecID)format->codecId;
        codecCtx->codec_type     = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
        codecCtx->width          = format->width;
        codecCtx->height         = format->height;
        codecCtx->bit_rate       = 800000;
        uint32 num = 0;
        uint32 den = 0;
        SampleUtil::FPS2Timescale(format->frameRate, num, den);
        codecCtx->time_base.num  = num;
        codecCtx->time_base.den  = den;
        av_set_pts_info(streamInfo->avStream, 64, num, den);
        
        if(pFormatCtx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
        {
            codecCtx->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
        }
        switch(codecCtx->codec_id)
        {
        case CODEC_ID_H264:
            {
                AVBitStreamFilterContext * avFilter = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb");
            }
            break ;
        case CODEC_ID_AAC:
            {
                codecCtx->frame_size = 1024;
                AVBitStreamFilterContext * avFilter = av_bitstream_filter_init("aac_adtstoasc");
            }
            break ;
        }
        // 设置解码相关数据, 比如H264要设置:SPS & PPS
        codecCtx->extradata_size = ;// size;
        codecCtx->extradata      = ;// (uint8_t *)av_malloc(size + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
    }
    {
        // new stream
        AVStream * avStream = av_new_stream(pFormatCtx, pFormatCtx->nb_streams;
        avcodec_get_context_defaults3(avStream->codec, NULL);
    }
    
    err = av_set_parameters(pFormatCtx, NULL);
    // 以写的方式打开文件
    err = avio_open(&pFormatCtx->pb, "c:\\out.mp4", AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
    // 写文件头信息
    err = av_write_header(pFormatCtx);
    
    {
        const AVRational in_time_base = { 1, 1000000 };
        AVRational out_time_base = avStream->time_base;
        AVPacket pkt = { 0 };
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        
        pkt.stream_index = streamId; // 流的id
        pkt.data  = ;//(uint8_t *)mediaSample->data();
        pkt.size  = ;//mediaSample->size();
        // 转换dts/pts时间单位  1/1000000=>avStream->time_base
        pkt.dts   = av_rescale_q(mediaSample->dts(), in_time_base, out_time_base);
        pkt.pts   = av_rescale_q(mediaSample->pts(), in_time_base, out_time_base);
        pkt.flags = mediaSample->isKey() ? AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY : 0;
        // 写入一帧数据
        int err = av_interleaved_write_frame(pFormatCtx, &pkt);
        av_free_packet(&pkt);            
    }
            
    // 写文件尾信息
    av_write_trailer(pFormatCtx);
    
    // 释放
    // av_bitstream_filter_close(avFilter);
    avio_close(pFormatCtx->pb);
    avformat_free_context(pFormatCtx);
}

7)滤镜filter的使用(crop, resize, deinterlace, drawtext, overlay, vflip, ...)
通过搭建若干个filter可以对视音频进行一系列的处理.

    
 a).Simple filtergraphs:
 
     reencode filter graph:
     _________                        __________              ______________
    |         |                      |          |            |              |
    | decoded |  simple filtergraph  | filtered |  encoder   | encoded data |
    | frames  | -------------------> | frames   | ---------> | packets      |
    |_________|                      |__________|            |______________|
    
    filter graph:
     _______        _____________        _______        _____        ________
    |       |      |             |      |       |      |     |      |        |
    | input | ---> | deinterlace | ---> | scale | ---> | fps | ---> | output |
    |_______|      |_____________|      |_______|      |_____|      |________|
    
    
    int ret = av_vsink_buffer_get_video_buffer_ref(mBufferDstCtx, &picRef, 0);
    request_frame
    start_frame
    draw_slice
    end_frame

    
    
b).Complex filtergraphs:
     _________
    |         |
    | input 0 |\                    __________
    |_________| \                  |          |
                 \   _________    /| output 0 |
                  \ |         |  / |__________|
     _________     \| complex | /
    |         |     |         |/
    | input 1 |---->| filter  |\
    |_________|     |         | \   __________
                   /| graph   |  \ |          |
                  / |         |   \| output 1 |
     _________   /  |_________|    |__________|
    |         | /
    | input 2 |/
    |_________|
    

搭建的filter graph:

                                                                                     /1-->pad----\
    input-->deinterlace-->fps-->logo remove-->color-->image overlaps-->crop-->resize<-0----------->output
                                                                                     \2-->crop---/
    {
        avcodec_register_all();
        avfilter_register_all();
        
        AVFilterGraph * pFilterGraph = NULL;
        AVFilterContext * pBufferSrcCtx = NULL;
        AVFilterContext * pBufferDstCtx = NULL;
        
        AVFrame * pSrcFrame   = avcodec_alloc_frame();
        AVFrame * pSinkFrame  = avcodec_alloc_frame();
        AVFrame * pDstFrame   = avcodec_alloc_frame();
        // 设定输出格式列表,我们仅支持PIX_FMT_YUV420P
        PixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { PIX_FMT_YUV420P, PIX_FMT_NONE };
        char args[512];
        
        AVFilterContext *lastFilterCtx = NULL;
        
        // 我们使用到的filter,其中"nl_"开头的是我们自己写的filter
        // 输入buffer filter
        AVFilter *bufferFilter     = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
        // deinterlace filter, 目前使用yadif filter
        AVFilter *yadifFilter      = avfilter_get_by_name("yadif");
        // 我们自己实现的fps转换filter
        AVFilter *fpsFilter        = avfilter_get_by_name("nl_fps");
        // 我们自己实现的遮logo的filter,支持多个,动态设置,能够设定区间范围
        AVFilter *delogosFilter    = avfilter_get_by_name("nl_delogos");
        // 我们自己实现的调节对比度和亮度的filter
        AVFilter *colorFilter      = avfilter_get_by_name("nl_color");
        // 我们自己实现的叠加图片的filter,支持多个,动态设置,能够设定区间范围
        AVFilter *overlaysFilter   = avfilter_get_by_name("nl_overlays");
        // crop filter
        AVFilter *cropFilter       = avfilter_get_by_name("crop");
        // resize filter
        AVFilter *resizeFilter     = avfilter_get_by_name("scale");
        // 图像扩展filter,可以在图像边界填充特定的颜色
        AVFilter *padFilter        = avfilter_get_by_name("pad");
        // 输出buffer filter
        AVFilter *buffersinkFilter = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
        // 创建graph
        pFilterGraph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
        // 开始创建filter
        
        AVRational tb  = { 1, 1000000 };
        AVRational sar = { 0, 1 };
        // 计算图像宽度比
        av_reduce(&sar.num, &sar.den, mConfig.width, mConfig.height, 1000*1000);
        // 设定 buffer filter的参数
        // w:h:pixfmt:time_base.num:time_base.den:sample_aspect_ratio.num:sample_aspect_ratio.den:sws_param
        sprintf(args, "%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d",
            mConfig.width, mConfig.height, mConfig.pixelFormat, tb.num, tb.den, sar.num, sar.den);
        // input filter
        err = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&pBufferSrcCtx,  bufferFilter,  "in", args, NULL, pFilterGraph);
        // 记录前一个filter context
        lastFilterCtx = pBufferSrcCtx;
    
        // 如果需要 deinterlace,则创建 yadif filter,同时和前一个filter进行连接
        // deinterlace : yadif
        if(mConfig.deinterlace > 0)
        {
            if(yadifFilter == NULL)
                break ;
            // yadif filter的参数
            // mode:parity
            sprintf(args, "%d:%d", 0, -1);
            // 创建filter,同时加入到graph
            AVFilterContext *deinterlaceCtx = NULL;
            err = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&deinterlaceCtx,  yadifFilter, "yadif", args, NULL, pFilterGraph);
            if(err < 0)
                break ;
            // 和前一个filter进行连接
            err = avfilter_link(lastFilterCtx, 0, deinterlaceCtx, 0);
            if(err < 0)
                break ;
            lastFilterCtx = deinterlaceCtx;
        }
        // ... 中间略过
                
        // 创建output filter
        err = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&pBufferDstCtx, buffersinkFilter, "out", NULL, pix_fmts, pFilterGraph);
        if(err < 0)
            break ;
 
        // 和前一个filter进行连接
        err = avfilter_link(lastFilterCtx, 0, pBufferDstCtx, 0);
        if(err < 0)
            break ;
            
        // 配置 graph
        err = avfilter_graph_config(pFilterGraph, NULL);
        
        // 把输入frame填充到结构AVFrame
        avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pSrcFrame, (uint8_t *)inMediaSample->data(),
            (PixelFormat)mConfig.pixelFormat, mConfig.width, mConfig.height);
        pSrcFrame->width  = mConfig.width;
        pSrcFrame->height = mConfig.height;
        pSrcFrame->format = mConfig.pixelFormat;
        pSrcFrame->pts = inMediaSample->dts();
        // 开始写input写入frame
        ret = av_vsrc_buffer_add_frame(pBufferSrcCtx, pSrcFrame, AV_VSRC_BUF_FLAG_OVERWRITE);
        
        
        // 从输出filter查看输入是否可以获取数据,返回可获取的数目
        int count = avfilter_poll_frame(pBufferDstCtx->inputs[0]);
        if(count > 0)
        {
            AVFilterBufferRef *picRef = NULL;
            // 从输出filter中获取结果
            int ret = av_vsink_buffer_get_video_buffer_ref(pBufferDstCtx, &picRef, 0);
            if(picRef != NULL)
            {
                // 转换AVFilterBufferRef到AVFrame
                avfilter_fill_frame_from_video_buffer_ref(pSinkFrame, picRef);
                pSinkFrame->format = picRef->format;
                pSinkFrame->width  = picRef->video->w;
                pSinkFrame->height = picRef->video->h;
                
                const int numBytes = avpicture_get_size((PixelFormat)pSinkFrame->format, pSinkFrame->width, pSinkFrame->height);
                // 转换时间单位
                AVRational tb  = { 1, 1000000 };
                const int64 dts = av_rescale_q(picRef->pts, mBufferDstCtx->inputs[0]->time_base, tb);
                // 获取图像数据
                avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pDstFrame, (uint8_t *)mediaSample->data(),
                    (PixelFormat)pSinkFrame->format, pSinkFrame->width, pSinkFrame->height);
                av_picture_copy((AVPicture *)pDstFrame, (AVPicture *)pSinkFrame,
                    (PixelFormat)pSinkFrame->format, pSinkFrame->width, pSinkFrame->height);                        
                
                // 释放buffer计数器
                avfilter_unref_buffer(picRef);
            }
        }
    }                                  

标签: video, ffmpeg, encoder, decoder, converter, scale, streaming, muxer, demuxer

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